est-

Halaj: išüt-
Chuvash: ilt-
Yakut: ihit-, pass. ihilin-
Dolgan: ihit-, pass. ihilin-
Kirghiz: ešit-
Kazakh: est-
Noghai: esit-
Bashkir: išet-
Balkar: ešt-
Gagauz: išit-
Karaim: šit-
Karakalpak: esit-
Salar: išti-
Kumyk: ešit-
Comments: VEWT 51, EDT 257-8, ЭСТЯ 1, 318-319, Егоров 69, Stachowski 123. Note -d- in Runic and the voicing of -t before a vowel in Az. and Turkm. Khak. has two forms of stem (is- and iste-, morphonologically distributed, so that is- < iste-; the same historical process could have occurred with. Küär. äš-, Kach. eš- (R 1, 905); so the only clear evidence for the stem *eĺ- are Tatar dialectal reflexes (in which case -t may be a causative suffix, see Bang 1925, Zajączkowski 1932). Shor este- 'to hear', estel- 'to be heard' do not belong here, being derived from *es > is 'mind, memory', like Mod. Uygh. aŋla- 'to hear' < aŋ 'mind'.